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Alert (TA14-310A) Microsoft Ending Support for Windows Server 2003 Operating System Original release date: November 10, 2014 Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 SP1 and SP2, and Windows Server 2003 R2 retired content. The content you requested has already retired. It's available to. Microsoft Data Access Components - Wikipedia. Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC; also known as Windows DAC) is a framework of interrelated Microsoft technologies that allows programmers a uniform and comprehensive way of developing applications that can access almost any data store. Its components include: Active. When opening a database in Access 2007 for the first time you may find a security warning. Here we show how to remove the security warning permanently. X Data Objects (ADO), OLE DB, and Open Database Connectivity (ODBC). 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X Data Objects (ADO) is a high- level programming interface to OLE DB. It uses a hierarchical object model to allow applications to programmatically create, retrieve, update and delete data from sources supported by OLE DB. ADO consists of a series of hierarchical COM- based objects and collections, an object that acts as a container of many other objects. A programmer can directly access ADO objects to manipulate data, or can send an SQL query to the database via several ADO mechanisms. ADO is made up of nine objects and four collections. The collections are: Fields: This collection contains a set of Field objects. The collection can be used in either a Recordset object or in a Record object. In a Recordset object, each of the Field objects that make up the Fields collection corresponds to a column in that Recordset object. In a Record object, a Field can be an absolute or relative URL that points into a tree- structured namespace (used for semi- structured data providers like the Microsoft OLE DB Provider for Internet Publishing) or as a reference to the default Stream object associated with that Record object. When an ADO operation creates an error, the collection is cleared and a new group of Error objects are created in the collection. The connection object stores information about the session and provides methods of connecting to the data store. As some data stores have different methods of establishing a connection, some methods may not be supported in the connection object for particular OLE DB providers. A connection object connects to the data store using its 'Open' method with a connection string which specifies the connection as a list of key value pairs (for example: . This must be either. OLE DB provider (for example SQLOLEDB), using the syntax . 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Biography Early life. Gottfried Leibniz was born on 1 July 1646, toward the end of the Thirty Years' War, in Leipzig, Saxony, to Friedrich Leibniz and Catharina Schmuck.![]() Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - Wikipedia. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Born. 1 July 1. 64. Even more » Account Options. Sign in; Search settings. Leipzig, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire. Died. 14 November 1. Hanover, Electorate of Hanover, Holy Roman Empire. Nationality. German. Education. Alte Nikolaischule (de)(1. Alma mater. Era. 17th- /1. Region. Western Philosophy. School. Rationalism. Main interests. Mathematics, metaphysics, logic, theodicy, universal language. Notable ideas. Influences. Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, Augustine of Hippo, Scholasticism, Thomas Aquinas, Maimonides, Nicholas of Cusa, Su. Wagner, Steno, Llull. Wolff, Tetens, J. Bernoulli, Maupertuis, Vico, Platner, Boscovich, Bonnet, Diderot, Hume, Husserl, Kant, Hegel, G. Wagner, Bonald, Russell, Howison, Varisco, Chaitin, Wiener, G. Frobenius, Ravaisson, Peirce, Bergson, Wundt, Frege, Rescher, Ferreira dos Santos, Deleuze, Tarde. It was only in the 2. Law of Continuity and Transcendental Law of Homogeneity found mathematical implementation (by means of non- standard analysis). He became one of the most prolific inventors in the field of mechanical calculators. While working on adding automatic multiplication and division to Pascal's calculator, he was the first to describe a pinwheel calculator in 1. He also refined the binary number system, which is the foundation of virtually all digital computers. In philosophy, Leibniz is most noted for his optimism, i. Leibniz, along with Ren. The work of Leibniz anticipated modern logic and analytic philosophy, but his philosophy also looks back to the scholastic tradition, in which conclusions are produced by applying reason to first principles or prior definitions rather than to empirical evidence. Leibniz made major contributions to physics and technology, and anticipated notions that surfaced much later in philosophy, probability theory, biology, medicine, geology, psychology, linguistics, and computer science. He wrote works on philosophy, politics, law, ethics, theology, history, and philology. Leibniz's contributions to this vast array of subjects were scattered in various learned journals, in tens of thousands of letters, and in unpublished manuscripts. He wrote in several languages, but primarily in Latin, French, and German. Friedrich noted in his family journal: 2. Juny am Sontag 1. Ist mein Sohn Gottfried Wilhelm, post sextam vespertinam 1/4 uff 7 uhr abents zur welt gebohren, im Wassermann. In English: On Sunday 2. June . Nicholas Church, Leipzig; his godfather was the Lutheran theologian Martin Geier (de). Her teachings influenced Leibniz's philosophical thoughts in his later life. He was given free access to it from the age of seven. While Leibniz's schoolwork was largely confined to the study of a small canon of authorities, his father's library enabled him to study a wide variety of advanced philosophical and theological works—ones that he would not have otherwise been able to read until his college years. He also composed 3. Latin verse, in a single morning, for a special event at school at the age of 1. He defended his Disputatio Metaphysica de Principio Individui (Metaphysical Disputation on the Principle of Individuation). Leibniz earned his master's degree in Philosophy on 7 February 1. He published and defended a dissertation. Specimen Quaestionum Philosophicarum ex Jure collectarum (An Essay of Collected Philosophical Problems of Right). After one year of legal studies, he was awarded his bachelor's degree in Law on 2. September 1. 66. 5. In 1. 66. 6, the University of Leipzig turned down Leibniz's doctoral application and refused to grant him a Doctorate in Law, most likely due to his relative youth. He next declined the offer of an academic appointment at Altdorf, saying that . Many posthumously published editions of his writings presented his name on the title page as . He soon met Johann Christian von Boyneburg (1. Elector of Mainz, Johann Philipp von Sch. Leibniz then dedicated an essay on law to the Elector in the hope of obtaining employment. The stratagem worked; the Elector asked Leibniz to assist with the redrafting of the legal code for the Electorate. Although von Boyneburg died late in 1. Leibniz remained under the employment of his widow until she dismissed him in 1. After Leibniz's service to the Elector there soon followed a diplomatic role. He published an essay, under the pseudonym of a fictitious Polish nobleman, arguing (unsuccessfully) for the German candidate for the Polish crown. The main force in European geopolitics during Leibniz's adult life was the ambition of Louis XIV of France, backed by French military and economic might. Meanwhile, the Thirty Years' War had left German- speaking Europe exhausted, fragmented, and economically backward. Leibniz proposed to protect German- speaking Europe by distracting Louis as follows. France would be invited to take Egypt as a stepping stone towards an eventual conquest of the Dutch East Indies. In return, France would agree to leave Germany and the Netherlands undisturbed. This plan obtained the Elector's cautious support. In 1. 67. 2, the French government invited Leibniz to Paris for discussion. Napoleon's failed invasion of Egypt in 1. Leibniz's plan, after the Eastern hemisphere colonial supremacy in Europe had already passed from the Dutch to the British. Soon after arriving, he met Dutch physicist and mathematician Christiaan Huygens and realised that his own knowledge of mathematics and physics was patchy. With Huygens as his mentor, he began a program of self- study that soon pushed him to making major contributions to both subjects, including discovering his version of the differential and integral calculus. He met Nicolas Malebranche and Antoine Arnauld, the leading French philosophers of the day, and studied the writings of Descartes and Pascal, unpublished as well as published. He befriended a German mathematician, Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus; they corresponded for the rest of their lives. When it became clear that France would not implement its part of Leibniz's Egyptian plan, the Elector sent his nephew, escorted by Leibniz, on a related mission to the English government in London, early in 1. He met with the Royal Society where he demonstrated a calculating machine that he had designed and had been building since 1. The machine was able to execute all four basic operations (adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing), and the society quickly made him an external member. The mission ended abruptly when news of the Elector's death (1. February 1. 67. 3) reached them. Leibniz promptly returned to Paris and not, as had been planned, to Mainz. Leibniz had declined the invitation, but had begun corresponding with the duke in 1. In 1. 67. 3, the duke offered Leibniz the post of counsellor. Leibniz very reluctantly accepted the position two years later, only after it became clear that no employment in Paris, whose intellectual stimulation he relished, or with the Habsburg imperial court, was forthcoming. He left Paris in October 1. House of Hanover, 1. On the journey from London to Hanover, Leibniz stopped in The Hague where he met van Leeuwenhoek, the discoverer of microorganisms. He also spent several days in intense discussion with Spinoza, who had just completed his masterwork, the Ethics. Leibniz served three consecutive rulers of the House of Brunswick as historian, political adviser, and most consequentially, as librarian of the ducal library. He thenceforth employed his pen on all the various political, historical, and theological matters involving the House of Brunswick; the resulting documents form a valuable part of the historical record for the period. Among the few people in north Germany to accept Leibniz were the Electress Sophia of Hanover (1. Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (1. Queen of Prussia and his avowed disciple, and Caroline of Ansbach, the consort of her grandson, the future George II. To each of these women he was correspondent, adviser, and friend. In turn, they all approved of Leibniz more than did their spouses and the future king George I of Great Britain. Nevertheless, to be a major courtier to the House of Brunswick was quite an honor, especially in light of the meteoric rise in the prestige of that House during Leibniz's association with it. In 1. 69. 2, the Duke of Brunswick became a hereditary Elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The British Act of Settlement 1. Electress Sophia and her descent as the royal family of England, once both King William III and his sister- in- law and successor, Queen Anne, were dead. Leibniz played a role in the initiatives and negotiations leading up to that Act, but not always an effective one. For example, something he published anonymously in England, thinking to promote the Brunswick cause, was formally censured by the British Parliament. The Brunswicks tolerated the enormous effort Leibniz devoted to intellectual pursuits unrelated to his duties as a courtier, pursuits such as perfecting calculus, writing about other mathematics, logic, physics, and philosophy, and keeping up a vast correspondence. He began working on calculus in 1. By 1. 67. 7 he had a coherent system in hand, but did not publish it until 1. Leibniz's most important mathematical papers were published between 1. Otto Mencke founded in 1. Acta Eruditorum. That journal played a key role in advancing his mathematical and scientific reputation, which in turn enhanced his eminence in diplomacy, history, theology, and philosophy. The Elector Ernest Augustus commissioned Leibniz to write a history of the House of Brunswick, going back to the time of Charlemagne or earlier, hoping that the resulting book would advance his dynastic ambitions. From 1. 68. 7 to 1. Leibniz traveled extensively in Germany, Austria, and Italy, seeking and finding archival materials bearing on this project. Decades went by but no history appeared; the next Elector became quite annoyed at Leibniz's apparent dilatoriness. |
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